Biodiversity of Bihar

Recording biodiversity across Bihar's farmed landscapes — farmlands, horticulture, orchards and agroforestry. Content and images coming soon.

Farmlands

Farmlands

Intensively cultivated rice-wheat farmland across the Gangetic plains forms the backbone of Bihar's agro-ecosystem, covering most of the state's cultivated area. These fields also support field birds, amphibians and pollinators alongside their role as the state's primary food-producing landscape.

Gangetic plains, statewide

Horticulture

Horticulture

Bihar's horticulture belts, notably around Muzaffarpur and Bhagalpur, combine fruit, vegetable and flower cultivation on land intensively managed for high-value produce. These horticultural zones support pollinator populations vital to the state's renowned fruit crops.

Muzaffarpur and Bhagalpur horticulture belts

Orchards and Groves

Orchards and Groves

Mango and litchi orchards, especially the GI-tagged Zardalu mango groves of Bhagalpur and Shahi litchi orchards of Muzaffarpur, are long-established features of Bihar's rural landscape. These groves provide seasonal habitat for birds and support traditional fruit-based livelihoods.

Bhagalpur (mango) and Muzaffarpur (litchi) belts

Agroforestry

Agroforestry

Integrating trees such as poplar, eucalyptus and bamboo with field crops, agroforestry systems are expanding across North Bihar as farmers combine timber production with traditional cropping. These mixed systems add structural diversity to otherwise open farmland.

Expanding across North Bihar

Others

Others

Smaller-scale farmed habitats — field bunds, farm ponds and homestead kitchen gardens — round out Bihar's agro-ecosystem. Though modest individually, these micro-habitats collectively support significant biodiversity within and around cultivated land.

Within and around cultivated land, statewide